Cattle manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer application effects on soil hydraulic properties and maize yield of two soils of Murewa district,Zimbabwe

This study set out to determine the effects of cattle manure and inorganic N‐fertilizer application on the hydraulic properties and maize yield of a clay and sandy soil in a smallholder farming area of Zimbabwe. Four fields classified as homefields (HF: more fertile and closer to homesteads) and outfields (OF: less fertile and further from the homesteads) were selected on clay and sandy soil. They were subjected to four treatments, control (no fertility amendment), 5, 15 and 25 t/ha cattle manure + 100 kg/ha N (as ammonium nitrate) for 7 years. A two‐way randomized complete block design was used with fertility and field type as the two factors. Clay soil hydraulic properties, which included density of macropores with a diameter >300 μm, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, steady‐state infiltration rate, moisture retention under low suction and maize grain yield, were significantly improved (P < 0.05) by fertility management compared with the control and were generally comparable between the HF and OF. Fertility management significantly improved maize grain yield on sandy soils but did not enhance hydraulic parameters, thereby indicating poor responsiveness in structural build‐up. On the other hand, significantly different hydraulic parameters between the sandy soil HF and OF suggested effects of other factors not related to soil fertility and field type treatments. We therefore concluded that application of a high rate (25 t/ha) of cattle manure and inorganic N‐fertilizer is beneficial for fertility restoration to the degraded OFs with associated comparable hydraulic properties on HFs and OFs on clay soil, unlike on sandy soil.     

ApoB RNA编辑高效蛋白检测体系的构建

[目的]建立一个载脂蛋白B(apoB)RNA编辑蛋白检测体系。[方法]在慢病毒表达质粒载体pCSII-CMV-IRES-Neor中插入apoB RNA编辑保守序列,并在其2端嵌入红色荧光蛋白(DsRed)、绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)表达序列,以此慢病载体转染大鼠肝癌细胞系CBRH-7919获得稳定表达。采用共聚焦显微镜测序方法检测apoB RNA的编辑。[结果]目的指示基因能够在CBRH-7919细胞中稳定表达,表现出指征RNA编辑的多色特征。[结论]试验成功构建了在细胞水平上以颜色变化指示apoB RNA编辑的检测体系,该体系为快速检测以apoB RNA编辑为靶的降胆固醇药物筛选提供了基础。     

杂交水稻种子不同活力测定方法与其田间成苗率的相关性

以3个杂交水稻品种不同活力水平的种子批为试验材料,比较了标准发芽试验、低温发芽测定和高温催芽试验3种活力测定方法,并将试验结果与田间成苗率进行相关性分析,发现标准发芽试验的发芽指标、低温发芽10 d的发芽率和高温催芽后的发芽率均与田间成苗率存在显著正相关关系,且高温催芽后的发芽率与田间成苗率相关系数最高。研究结果表明,高温催芽法可以作为杂交水稻种子活力测定的有效方法。     

“四全”育人夯实立德树人德育基础——以苏州工业职业技术学院为例

随着社会发展的推动和各种思想文化的交流、交融与交锋,给高职院校的思想政治教育工作带来前所未有的挑战。苏州工业职业技术学院积极探索实践"全员、全程、全方位、全心全意"育人的德育体系,在立德树人背景下,以踏实、务实、求实的作风不断夯实德育基础,努力开创"责任到人,纵向到底,横向到边"的德育工作局面。     

The positive relationship between soil quality and crop production: A case study on the effect of farm compost application

In order to ensure sustainable agriculture, and for evaluating the effects of management practices on soil processes, tools for assessing soil quality are required. The development and use of a multiparameter index, which includes a wide range of soil properties, have been tested and found useful by several studies. However, soil quality measurements are ‘stand-alone’ tools unless they are either linked to important soil functions, used to characterize (agro)ecosystems or used to predict sustainability or productivity. In our study, the relationship between crop production and soil quality was assessed in a six year old field experiment studying the effect of farm compost (FC) amendment in a crop rotation of potato, fodder beet, forage maize and Brussels sprouts. To justify the hypothesis that repeated FC amendment results in both improved soil quality and consequently higher crop yields, a wide range of chemical, biological and physical soil properties were measured and integrated into a soil quality index (SQI). Next, crop yields were used as a functional goal to verify the causal relationship between SQI and crop production. Our results showed that there were significant changes in chemical, physical and biological soil quality as a result of repeated FC amendment. This was evidenced for example by a remarkable increase in both soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N content. Microbial biomass, the relative amount of bacterivorous nematodes and earthworm number were significantly increased as well and, together with SOC and total N, indicated as the dominant factors in assessing soil quality. The integration of these key indicators into the SQI revealed higher SQI values when FC was applied. In addition, crop yields were increased in all FC treated plots by which SOC was pointed out as the most important indicator influencing crop production. Finally, a causal relationship was observed between soil quality and the yield of potato and fodder beet. We conclude that our SQI may be a promising and useful tool to compare different (soil) management practices in relation to a strategic, regional goal, e.g., sustainable high yields. Before generalizing, we recommend a thorough validation of our SQI in other long-term field experiments.     

Optimisation of fertiliser rates in crop production against energy use indicators

Optimising mineral nitrogen (N) use in crop production is inevitable target as mineral fertilisers reflect one of the highest inputs both in terms of economy and energy. The aim of the study was to compare the relationship between the rate of N fertiliser application and different measures of energy parameters exemplary data for spring-wheat in boreal climate condition in Estonia in 2006–2010. The effect of mineral N with rates 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha⁻¹ was studied on the background of composted cow manure and without organic fertilisers. Univalent parameters, energy gain (EG) (energy output − energy input) and energy ratio (ER) (energy output/energy input) were calculated. To aggregate parameters with different units (ER and EG) we proposed two standardisation approaches for combined indices. ER maximisation gave both organic fertilisation background optimum N norms significantly lower than EG (p < 0.05) optimisation. Both the new combined indices gave optimum N norms in between the rate of ER an EG. Composted cow manure background did not affect mineral N optimisation significantly. We suggest optimisation of mineral N according to bi-dimensional parameters as they capture important features of production efficiency and are more objective using as advisory tool for sustainable production systems.     

花生抗黄曲霉相关基因PnLOX2的原核表达及RNAi载体的构建与转化

本研究对利用基因芯片技术从抗、感黄曲霉花生品种中分离出的差异表达基因PnLOX2进行原核表达,得到分子量为121.5 kD的融合表达产物;构建了PnLOX2基因的3'端反向重复结构并转化花生,得到了转基因花生苗,为反向鉴定PnLOX2基因在花生抗黄曲霉侵染过程中的功能奠定基础。     

池塘养殖尾水经稻田生态工程净化后的浮游细菌群落特征

为利用稻田生态工程对精养池塘尾水进行循环利用,采用Illumina Mi Seq第二代测序技术比较分析了稻田生态工程进出水中浮游细菌群落结构和多样性差异,以探讨稻田生态工程净化回用水中浮游细菌群落变化对池塘养殖的影响。结果显示,稻田生态工程进出水中优势浮游细菌在门水平上的组成相同,均为蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)。但优势门类的相对丰度发生变化,蓝细菌门的相对丰度由进水中的46.72%显著降低至表面流出水中的41.82%和渗流出水中的34.77%;而放线菌门的相对丰度由3.90%增加至表面流出水中的5.65%和渗流出水中的6.45%。属水平上优势浮游细菌组成也相同,但微囊藻属(Microcystis)的相对丰度由0.83%显著降低至渗流出水中的0.46%(P0.05)。另外,稻田生态工程表面流出水中浮游细菌物种丰富度指数(Chao 1)显著提高,渗流出水中Shannon多样性指数显著提高,且Simpson指数显著降低(P0.05)。     

黑龙江省非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同模式研究

以黑龙江省非转基因大豆产业为例,提出非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同模式形成的必要性与可行性。界定非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同的利益相关者,构建非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同模式的结构模型,并分别从战略协同、管理协同、操作协同三个维度探析了非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同模式。